General versus Individual Diet

The most important thing in regard to the choice of a suitable diet is the distinction between generally valid human needs and individual needs which can differ from person to person. General nutritional needs are the result of the human constitution of body and soul – that encompasses the physical, etheric and astral body – which we inherited from our ancestors and our cultural environment. Individual needs are an expression of our ‘I’ – our spiritual core – and are dependent on the state of our personal development. The task of each person is to find the healthy balance between two opposing tendencies: the one working below the level of our consciousness and which belongs to our past development; and the one which is the result of conscious development of real understanding of our own being and its special nutritional needs.

Introductory Reading:

FOURFOLD HUMAN BEING

THREE STATES OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS

DOUBLE NATURE OF HUMAN INDIVIDUALITY

Conscious and Subconscious Dietary Needs

From the whole content of this website we can see that the human being is a very complex being consisting of various bodies, systems, and polarities with different characteristics. We could even say that we have inside us a host of 'sub-beings' which we need to lead with the aim to serve our personality in the most suitable manner. How we can do this? By the power of our 'I', the spiritual core of our being. But, as we know from our experiences, our 'I' is not always that which manages the situations and challenges of modern life – we are often thrown to and fro in the 'wild sea of life' from the sides of influences we cannot control. There are several reasons for this, but the basic one is the following fact which has to with the relationships among the four bodies of our being.

"In describing man, we say he is composed of physical body, etheric body, astral body and ego. In certain connections it is certainly true that the ego is the highest of man's principles; but as things are today the ego is the baby among the four principles of man's nature. The ego contains the seed of the highest to which man can attain, but it is at present, in its own way, at the lowest stage. The physical body therefore is in its way the most perfect of the human principles. The astral body even is more perfect than the ego. If we consider the human ego we find that it is that which is so close to us, that we identify ourselves with it. Anyone who does not wilfully shut his eyes and is not too trivial to do so, needs but to look inwards to find his ego. Compared with this, how far is man removed from the comprehension of the secret things of his own physical body and its present perfection of structure. Between the physical body and the ego come the astral and etheric bodies. The astral body is also an imperfect principle of human nature as compared with the physical body. In it are the emotions, passions, desires, etc. Through the emotions of the astral body many things are enjoyed which affect detrimentally the wonderful organism of the physical body, in spite of the fact that the etheric body stands as a buffer between the two." [1]

Everyone who observes his own impulses related to his or her dietary needs can distinguish three ways in which they manifest. Some are conscious, such as when we decide to eat specific food because we have read about its healing properties. Others are half-conscious, such as when we get a wish to eat food we like very much but we do not know the reason for its sudden emergence. But there are also unconscious dietary needs which we are not aware of at all until our organism sends us the message through the emergence of various disorders which disrupt our lives. Then we might realise that we need to change our existing dietary habits.

Therefore we have the following states of the four bodies of man: [2]

When looking at this, the question arises: "What, then, really is the man who actually walks about the earth? He is neither the ego-less man, purely under the influence of astral, etheric and physical bodies, nor is he only the ego-man, but a compromise between the two, something coming about as the result of a combination of both. The man we see before us is a composite being." [3] This means that the human being is a mixture of the influences coming from the ego and from the rest of the members of his organism.

These relationships among the four bodies of our being are especially well seen in the realm of nutrition. Everyone who observes his own impulses related to his or her dietary needs can distinguish three ways in which they manifest:

The differentiation of nutritional needs into three groups is the consequence of the fact that we experience in our daily life THREE STATES OF HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS:

Therefore we can say, that we are from the perspective of our everyday ego awake in our spirit, we are dreaming in our soul, and we are asleep in our body. One of the consequences of the existence of three states of consciousness is the following fact: We are carrying our physical body around throughout our life, but when it comes to the question of how much do we understand its needs we must admit that we know them the least of all. What is the deeper underlying reason for this real life contradiction?

"You all know that the human being could never attain to knowledge if he did not think, if in his mind he did not carry on something akin to work in ideation or thinking. Knowledge does not come of itself. The human being has to undertake work within himself. We must first endeavour to get to know ourselves, to get to know what we are. Now all our knowledge takes its course in the process of ideation. Our life of mental representation which reproduces for us all the things outside us, we experience in the form of mirrored image. The process does not penetrate at all into what we are as physical bodily organism; it is thrown back to us, and the human being can no more see into his own physical being than he can see what is behind the mirror. Moreover he does not penetrate into his physical organisation because his soul-life is completely filled by this process of representation. One is obliged to say: Then it is quite impossible to learn to know oneself, one can come to know nothing but this process of ideation which has turned one into a reflecting apparatus for thoughts. It is impossible to penetrate further, we can only reach as far as the frontier; and at the frontier the whole life of the soul is thrown back again, as a man's image is thrown back in a mirror." [5]

This means that our physical body serves as the mirror for our conscious soul-life [6] and the consequence of such arrangement is that "the content of our life of ideation, what constitutes the work of our soul in ideation, in mental representation, which is what brings knowledge about, does not go as far as the physical body." [7] This prevents activities inside our own body rising into our consciousness; instead they remain in the obscure realm of existence. For that reason we cannot by means of ordinary knowledge recognise what the specific dietary needs of our own bodily organism are. The most we experience is hunger and thirst, but we are not simultaneously capable of recognising what is the best way to satisfy them. We also cannot rely on instincts as animals do. [8] And in spite of the fact that modern science has been discovering a huge number of details about the working of our organism, food ingredients, and so-called metabolic pathways – which to a great extent depend on what we take into our body via food – we still cannot say that we know for sure how to nourish ourselves properly. On the contrary, there is more than enough evidence that the modern materialistic approach leads to greater confusion and uncertainty in regard to the question of how we can nourish ourselves in such a way that we will satisfy both our conscious and unconscious nutritional needs.

Freedom in Relation to Our Food Choices

It seems that there is no solution out of this difficulty, for we cannot know what is in the subconscious realm of our organism – otherwise it wouldn't be subconscious! Nevertheless there is a roundabout way out of this seemingly blind alley. One of the main characteristics which distinguish us from animals is that we can think and reason. This holds especially true for the domain of nutrition. Animals are driven by their instincts in regard to their eating preferences, but we possess the ability to review our practices and change them on the basis of understanding of their consequences. In the growing up and in the later period of life we were exposed to:

All this is now the store of our past experiences in relation to food – we could call it our personal food biography – which has been transformed into our present food preferences and habits. But as adults we can use our thinking and decide what we want to keep from it and what we want to change. This is possible only if we start to develop more comprehensive understanding of our own being and the role of nutrition.

If we acquire spiritual-scientific understanding of our being then we can start to influence our organism from the outside with the choice of what we consume and do in our lives – that is, with the conscious choices in regard to our life style. As it is demonstrated on this website we can gain many important insights about our whole organism and our dietary needs with the help of a spiritual scientific explanation of the human being and his relationships to the various kingdoms of nature. For example, when we become familiar with the fourfold nature of our being, then we are protected from one-sided focus on the needs of the physical body for mineral substances; instead we will consume food which has also enough life forces inside it. In this way we can take better care of the needs of all our bodies – the physical body, the etheric body, the astral body and our 'I'.

We live now in the period of human evolution when "one should become clear about the fact that humanity should increasingly pass over into more conscious manner of nourishment." [9] The need for a more conscious manner of eating and drinking is related also to the need to develop freedom in various domains of our lives. Nowadays there is widely promoted an illusory freedom of choice of whatever food and drink one desires. This is mainly done by those who want to sell more of their products. But the real freedom is based on the understanding of the motives for our dietary choices, because "an action is not free if it is carried out without knowledge of the reason for doing it." [10] It is obvious that we can't decide if we will feel hunger or thirst, but we can decide how we will satisfy these needs. Here is the space for our freedom in the domain of nutrition. Here we also have an opportunity to experience the fruitfulness of the spiritual-scientific approach when we set the task of finding out what our individual nutritional needs are.

Nobody else can do this work for us if we want to become really free. Of course, we can get help from others who already have developed an understanding of specific nutritional topics, but in the end we ourselves need to grasp whatever we hear or read. The path to freedom is the path of conscious striving to attain the knowledge with our own efforts. The essence of freedom is to understand the consequences of our decisions and actions and then to shape our life in accordance with our intentions and goals. [11] Whoever wants to become more free in the realm of nutrition needs to 'take stock' of what (s)he 'inherited' from the specific food culture(s) which influenced him/her in the past. This doesn't mean that you cannot keep some elements from your past food biography, but it is different if this is your conscious decision or if you eat something because of the 'inherited' habit. This is the essential difference between a free and unfree habit in the domain of nutrition! In the same manner as an artist decides to take existing and new materials which (s)he combines in an unique combination, so we can create our own unique food style from existing and new elements which are the fruit of our own understanding and creativity.

Our 'I' lives in our organism consisting of astral body, etheric body and physical body like a resident in a house. But we are not just residents; we are maintaining and rebuilding our 'house': we are continually removing old materials out of the body and bringing in new ones, in us are constant active processes of decomposition and upbuilding of our bodily tissues. Because of this we can – if we decide to – become 'architect' of our new 'residence', the transformed body. And as architects need to know laws of statics and other physical laws of building a house, and besides this the nature of materials used in its construction, so we need to be familiar with the fundamental principles of nutrition if we want to design our own body in a way that will serve to create whatever we want to become in the future. Therefore we shouldn't be surprised that "the wrong food can easily transform us into what we eat, but by permeating ourselves with knowledge of the spiritual life, we can strive to become free and independent. Then the food we eat will not hinder us from achieving the full potential of what we, as men, ought to be." [12]

Thus we can conclude that in the case of human beings "all dietary measures are completely individual and are absolutely dependent upon the way and manner in which the person is developed in this or that way." [13] But what we have in common is the need to find out what our individual needs are, with the help of the youngest and the least experienced member of our being – with the help of the spiritual core of our personality, our 'I'. In this journey we can be inspired by other people, ideas and examples, but in the end we ourselves need to do – if we want to become free from all constraints in the form of "You should… !" or "You shouldn't… !" – the main work in getting to know our own being. In this way the individual creation of personal diet becomes part of "the influence of spiritual-scientific life upon the sheaths of man, which may be described as the perfecting, the regeneration of the physical body from outside, through the external substances human being consumes." [14] And the quality of these influences is dependent to a great extent on the knowledge of the fundamental principles of nutrition which are enabling us to be aware of the consequences of our food choices – not only of the short term consequences, but equally of the long term consequences on which depends our future.

For a complementary perspective see:

LOCAL VERSUS GLOBAL FOOD

DIETARY CONCLUSIONS & PRACTICAL INSTRUCTIONS

The whole GENERAL NUTRITIONAL GUIDELINES are created out of an awareness of the distinction between general and individual needs of human beings. For that reason the guidelines do not include any specific dietary regimes, because this is the domain where people need to find their own individual styles of eating. [15]

What we have in common is the fact that bad quality food has a negative effect and good quality food has a positive effect on our being. [16] For that reason the food quality has such a prominent role in the HOLISTIC FOOD 'PYRAMID'. It is very common practice that food pyramids (or food plates, or any other kind of presentation of food groups) have only recommendations about the quantity of foods. This does not make any sense when one grasps that food quality is the most important general aspect of any diet. If we look at NINE ASPECTS OF A HEALTHY MEAL we can even conclude that all aspects presented there are just various aspects of the final quality of the meal.

Nine aspects include also the aspect of individual needs. And just because of the existence of this aspect we cannot generalise in regard to the question of what is the best diet for all human beings. All attempts to create 'one-diet-suits-all' made by nutritional experts, governmental bodies and other organisations promoting healthy eating are doomed to fail, because they do not take into account the reality of human individuality and the role of each person to find what is best for him or her. [17]

How can one find out what suits his or her individual needs? The only way is through exploration of various diets, and the careful observation of the effects they produce. Of course, fundamental principles of nutrition provide the insights that will help you to evaluate your dietary experiences. But don't stick to a specific diet just because nutritionists or doctors or other nutritional authorities proclaim it as the best for specific health problems, or even as the best for all people.  Sometimes you might find that only one or a few aspects of a specific diet will suit you. Then you need to move further. In this way the search goes on. But do not forget on the extreme importance of the food quality – whichever diet you are implementing now or you will implement in the future.

For those more adventurous there exists another, more effective way: to do at least a week long fasting, and then slowly introduce various groups of food back on the menu. Another variation is juice fasting [18] or consuming only fresh fruit. Of course, this will work only if one is fit for such radical experience and if one also helps the body to eliminate the remnants of the consumed substances from the intestines in a safe way. [19] The main reason for the effectiveness of this method is in the fact that after such a radical change we become more sensitive to the real needs of the body in the period immediately after fasting. Then we get an opportunity to find a new diet which will suit our individual needs better than the old one.

For another perspective on this topic see DEVELOPMENT OF NEW EATING 'INSTINCTS'

From the content of this principle it is also evident why balancing meals according to the principle of the threefold plant will have positive effects on our well-being. In spite of our individual characteristics we all have to deal with the extreme polarity between spiritual and physical parts of our constitution. For that reason it is better to use the preventative approach and implement this relatively easy cooking principle for balancing the meals. Another option is to wait for our body to tell us that we have gone out of healthy balance. But this option is more painful in comparison with relatively small changes of our meals based on insight about the importance of balancing the head system, the chest system and the metabolic system.

For practical guidelines see the PRINCIPLE OF THREEFOLD PLANT

WARNING: You always have to put the above practical dietary instructions inside the framework of GENERAL NUTRITIONAL GUIDELINES with the aim to know their limits when looking for a solution of a specific nutritional problem. You also need to be familiar with THE ROLE OF NUTRITIONAL GUIDELINES with the aim to avoid any one-sided conclusions.

   NOTES

  1. Rudolf Steiner, Berne, 8.09.1910
  2. The state of development of a single body is dependent on the stage in which it came into existence. The physical body came into existence on Old Saturn, the etheric body on Old Sun, the astral body on Old Moon, and ego as late as the present Earth.
  3. Rudolf Steiner, Munich, 23.08.1911; Wonders of the World, Rudolf Steiner Press, 1983
  4. 'Will' with the capital letter refers to volition.
  5. Rudolf Steiner, Munich, 24.08.1911; same source as in the note 3
  6. See NUTRITION AND SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS for another explanation of this relationship between our body and our conscious soul-life.
  7. See note 5
  8. An additional explanation on why we can no longer rely on instincts is given in LOSS OF HEALTHY EATING INSTINCTS.
  9. Rudolf Steiner, Berlin, 22.10.1906; Drugs, Poisons, Suicide, Alcohol & Stimulants, Digestion & Foods in the Light of Spiritual Science - Excerpts from the work of Rudolf Steiner, selected, translated and published by Richard Lewis, USA, no date
  10. Rudolf Steiner, The Philosophy of Spiritual Activity – The Philosophy of Freedom, Rudolf Steiner Press, Bristol, 1992
  11. Here we can make even a distinction between individual choice of eating style (vegetarianism, veganism, etc.) based on the understanding of the main consequences of a new diet on our four bodies, and a decision based on an ethical basis. Both are conscious decisions, but if a person is not aware of the existence of his supersensible bodies, then his decision is not free in the same measure (in spite of the best intentions) as it is in the case when one is familiar with it.
  12. Rudolf Steiner, Munich, 8.01.1909; Nutrition, Rudolf Steiner Press, 2008
  13. Rudolf Steiner, Hanover, 10.01.1912; same source as in the note 9
  14. Rudolf Steiner, The Hague, 20.03.13; same source as in the note 9
  15. The issue of how we can share common meals in spite of having individual needs is addressed in THE RITE OF A COMMON MEAL.
  16. This fact doesn't contradict the fact that we have different inner strengths and some people can eat bad quality food longer than others before the negative effect will manifest in a specific imbalance of their overall health. The type of imbalance is dependent on individual constitution, temperament and character of soul-spiritual forces of each person in question. Even in a case when someone doesn't get ill we cannot know what the person in question has missed to develop because of the lack of good quality food.
  17. The individuality of the human being is not expressed only in the domain of soul and spirit, but also in the structure and biochemical activities of his physical-etheric organism. The proofs for this can be found in the book Biochemical Individuality by Roger J. Williams, Ph.D.
  18. This method is described in the book by Dr Paavo Airola: How to Keep Slim, Healthy and Young with Juice Fasting, 1971. This book is out of print, but nowadays there exists numerous books on the topic of detoxifying of the body. In each case is important that you use the best quality natural produce available and that you use freshly made juices.
  19. The safe way of fasting refers to the use of enemas during the fasting which assist the body in removing all undigested materials lagging behind in the digestive tract.